S235 Steel Properties & Equivalent Material
S235 Steel Properties & Equivalent Material
S235 steel is a commonly used designation for a structural steel grade in the European Union. It is also known as St37 in Germany, and by various other names in different countries. S235 material is part of the “S” series of steel grades, which includes S235, S275, S355, etc. These grades are primarily used for structural purposes in construction and engineering. According to EN 10025 and EN 10210, S235 material is divided into the following quality grades:
EN 10025-2:
- S235JR (1.0038) – Impact energy ≥27 Joules at room temperature 20 °C,
- S235J0 (1.0114) – Impact energy ≥ 27J at 0 °C, and
- S235J2 (1.0117) – Impact energy ≥ 27 J at -20 °C.
- S235JRC (1.0122)
- S235J0C (1.0115)
- S235J2C (1.0119)
EN 10025-5:
- S235J0W (1.8958)
- S235J2W (1.8961)
EN 10210-1: S235JRH (1.0039)
Meaning/Designation
S235 meaning: S means Structural steel, 235 indicates the minimum yield strength of the steel is 235 MPa for steel thickness less than 16mm. (For more information, please view Designation & Meaning of Steel Names)
Chemical Composition
The table below lists S235 steel chemical composition based on heat analysis.
| Chemical Composition (ladle analysis), %, ≤ | ||||||||||
| Standard | Steel Grade (Steel number) | C | Si | Mn | P | S | N | Cu | Thickness (t) (mm) | Method of deoxidation |
| EN 10025-2: 2019 | S235JR (1.0038) | 0.17 | – | 1.40 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.012 | 0.55 | ≤40 | Rimming steel not allowed |
| 0.20 | 40<t ≤100 | |||||||||
| S235J0 (1.0114) | 0.17 | – | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.012 | 0.55 | ≤100 | ||
| S235J2 (1.0117) | 0.17 | – | 1.40 | 0.025 | 0.025 | – | 0.55 | ≤ 100 | Fully killed | |
Upper limits applicable for the product analysis
| Chemical Composition (product analysis), %, ≤ | ||||||||||
| Standard | Steel Grade (Steel number) | C | Si | Mn | P | S | N | Cu | Thickness (t) (mm) | Method of deoxidation |
| EN 10025-2: 2019 | S235JR (1.0038) | 0.19 | – | 1.50 | 0.035 | 0.045 | 0.014 | 0.60 | ≤40 | Rimming steel not allowed |
| 0.23 | 40<t ≤100 | |||||||||
| S235J0 (1.0114) | 0.19 | – | 1.50 | 0.030 | 0.040 | 0.014 | 0.60 | ≤100 | ||
| S235J2 (1.0117) | 0.19 | – | 1.50 | 0.025 | 0.035 | – | 0.60 | ≤ 100 | Fully killed | |
Remarks:
- C by agreement for profiles with a nominal thickness > 100 mm.
- For long products, the P and S content can be 0.005% higher.
Physical Properties
- Density: 7.85 g/cm3 (0.284 lb/in3)
- Melting point: 1420-1460 °C (2590-2660 °F)
- Thermal Expansion: 11.7 x 10-6 °C (20-100°C)
- Electrical Conductivity: Approximately 14% IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard)
Mechanical Properties
S235 material mechanical properties according to EN 10025-2.
| S235 Yield Strength (MPa, ≥) | |||||||
| Steel Grade | t≤16 | 16<t≤40 | 40<t≤100 | 100<t≤150 | 150<t≤200 | 200<t≤250 | 250<t≤400 |
| S235 | 235 | 225 | 215 | 195 | 185 | 175 | 165 |
| S235 Tensile Strength (MPa, ≥) | |||||
| Steel Grade | t<3 | 3≤t≤100 | 100<t≤ 150 | 150<t≤250 | 250<t≤400 |
| S235 | 360-510 | 360-510 | 350-500 | 340-490 | 330-480 |
Note:
- 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2
- t = Thickness (mm)
Weldability
S235 material has good weldability, and it can be readily welded using common welding techniques such as arc welding, MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding, and TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding.
Corrosion Resistance
S235 steel is not highly corrosion-resistant, so it may require protective coatings or maintenance in corrosive environments.
Uses
- S235 material is widely used in the construction industry for various structural applications, including beams, columns, and structural components.
- It is commonly used in the fabrication of welded structures and bridges.
- The material is suitable for general engineering and manufacturing purposes.
- It can be used in machinery, automotive parts, and equipment components.
S235 Steel Equivalent Material
The table below lists steel grade S235 equivalent chart including US ASTM, European EN, Australian AS/NZS, Chinese GB, Japanese JIS, Indian IS and ISO standard.
| S235 Steel Equivalent Grade | |||||||||||||||||
| European Union | US | German | Chinese | Japanese | Australian | Indian | ISO | ||||||||||
| Standard | Steel name | Standard | Grade | Standard | Steel name | Standard | Grade | Standard | Grade | Standard | Grade | Standard | Grade | Standard | Grade | ||
| EN 10025-2 | S235 | ASTM A36; ASTM A283/A283M | A36; Grade D | DIN 17100 | St37 | GB/T 700 | Q235 | JIS G3101; JIS G3106 | SS400; SM400A | AS/NZS 3678 | 250 | IS 2062 | E250 | ISO 630-2 | S235B | ||
